An ICT-based Framework for Innovative Integration between BIM and Lean Practices Obtaining Smart Sustainable Cities

Smart sustainable cities rely on the latest technologies and apply recent knowledge like Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), BIM, and lean construction to expand people's eminence of life, smooth urban maneuvers and facilities more competent, and develop their competitiveness while confirming that they achieve the economic, social, environmental, and cultural demands of current and forthcoming generations. This paper explores the synergies between Building Information Modelling (BIM) visualisation and Lean construction practices to enhance Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry performance. A structured questionnaire was distributed among BIM and lean experts and analysed by SPSS. The study uses descriptive and correlation analyses to assess ten key lean practices, revealing high industry adoption and favorable mean scores. Notably, BIM-enhanced clash detection and coordination lead with a score of 4.4 out of 5. Correlation analysis establishes significant positive associations between BIM visualisation and practices such as just-in-time production, value stream mapping, lean pull systems, work sequencing, standardised work, and continuous improvement. The findings accentuate the pivotal role of BIM in optimising lean practices, offering valuable insights for practitioners seeking to elevate AEC industry performance through strategic integration. Future studies endeavors are recommended to investigate several alternative avenues to enhance the integration between BIM and Lean practices in the AEC industry. Furthermore, the forthcoming researchers are advised to validate the proposed framework.