Prevalence, Etiology & Consequences Of Cholelithiasis Among Male Patients At District Abbottabad, Kp, Pakistan”

The gallbladder stones, also known as cholelithiasis, are a common medical condition that affects individuals worldwide. Gallbladder stones forms when substances within the bile, such as cholesterol, bile salts, and calcium, crystallize and solidify into particles. These stones can range in size from tiny grains to larger stones that may obstruct the bile ducts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, etiology, and consequences of gallbladder stones among patients in District Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A cross-sectional design was employed, and data was collected through a questionnaire survey and personal interviews from a sample of 150 male respondents, including 50 doctors and 100 patients. The study found that the majority of respondents were in the age group of 41 to 45 years. Three size categories of gallbladder stones were identified: small, moderate, and large. Most patients had smaller-sized stones. Obesity, high cholesterol levels, family history, rapid weight loss, and certain medications were reported as causes of gallbladder stones. Ultrasound was the most commonly used diagnostic method, followed by CT scans, X-rays, and blood tests. The most frequently recommended treatment option was gallbladder removal surgery (cholecystectomy), followed by lifestyle changes and medication. The study revealed that patients primarily sought treatment through surgery, with medications being less commonly recommended. Monthly hospital visits were the most prevalent pattern for examination of gallbladder stones. The study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and patient behaviors regarding gallbladder stones in District Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Keywords: Gallbladder stones, Prevalence, Etiology, Consequences, Risk factors, Diagnostic methods, Treatment options, Patient behaviors