Determinants of Support for Female Genital Mutilation and its Practice on Young Girls in Northern Iraq

Abstract Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a widespread practice that affects millions of girls and women worldwide, violating their human rights and posing significant health risks. This study aims to explore the determinants of support for FGM and its practice on young girls in Northern Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities, and data were collected from 348 women who had undergone FGM and had at least one daughter. The study employed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing agreement with performing FGM and having a daughter undergo FGM. Results: Approximately 10% of women agreed with performing FGM, and 7% reported that their daughters had undergone the procedure. However, among those whose daughters had undergone FGM, a small subgroup expressed disagreement and held strong beliefs against its future occurrence. Religious recommendations and traditional practices were the main reasons cited by women for supporting FGM. Age, education status, marital status, and age of the daughter were found to be significant determinants. Notably, women with daughters above 10 years old and illiterate women exhibited higher odds of supporting FGM. Additionally, women with illiterate husbands were more likely to support the practice. Discussion: This study highlights the persistence of FGM in Northern Iraq and identifies key determinants associated with its practice. Efforts to eradicate FGM should focus on addressing sociocultural factors, promoting education and awareness, and engaging religious leaders and communities. By understanding the motivations behind FGM and targeting interventions accordingly, progress can be made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and advancing gender equality.