Comparative Proximate Nutritional Profiling of Seeds and Sprouts from Newly Developed Mungbean Lines across Diverse Environments

The proximate nutritional composition of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) seeds and sprouts, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fiber, and carbohydrates, was evaluated across seven genotypes comprising two check varieties (CN3 and CN84-1) and five newly developed lines (P08, P12, P22, P24, and D5). Plants were cultivated under two contrasting environments: Phitsanulok during the rainy season (PNR) and Chai Nat during the dry season (CND). Significant effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) were detected for most nutritional traits, highlighting the complexity of nutritional variation. Seeds and sprouts of plants grown under PNR conditions exhibited higher fat and carbohydrate contents, whereas those from CND had elevated protein and ash levels. The check varieties CN3 and CN84-1 consistently showed high protein content, while lines P08 and P24 were superior in carbohydrate accumulation in both seeds and sprouts. Line P12 demonstrated high fiber content in seeds, whereas P22 was notable for fiber enrichment in sprouts. Moreover, P24 exhibited elevated ash content in sprouts. Crude fat levels in both seeds and sprouts showed only minor variation across genotypes and environments. These results highlight the strong influence of genotype and environment on mungbean nutritional traits and identify promising lines for improving nutritional quality, offering insights for targeted breeding strategies.