Diagnosing a rare case of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland without the invasive procedure of pituitary biopsy

Background. Lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary is an unusual inflammatory disorder of the pituitary and indicated to be autoimmune in origin. Presentations depend on the site of involvement and degree of destruction of the cellular population of the pituitary and may range from an asymptomatic state to pan-hypopituitarism with or without mass effects. In the present study, we represent a rare case of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland who was diagnosed with such condition and the subsequent management. Case presentation. A 22-year-old male who was admitted with symptoms of increased thirst and excessive fatigue. Following a thorough physical, clinical, laboratory, biochemistry, and imaging examinations a timely diagnosis of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary was made without using the invasive procedure of pituitary biopsy. In light of the diagnosis prompt management with the mainstay of glucocorticoid was started along with replenishing the other deficient hormones. In this study we describe a rare case of lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary discussing in terms of epidemiology, sign and symptoms, laboratory evaluation, imaging studies, histopathology, management, and the usual outcome. Conclusion. Lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland can be diagnosed with the clinical presentation along with lab evaluation and imaging but without pituitary biopsy, which could help in an early and accurate diagnosis which is the basis for better management of the rare condition.