Chronic kidney disease in patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Nephrolithiasis associated renal damage is an important potential contributor to the risk of CKD and has been investigated by numerus studies. Metabolic disorders such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are commonly diagnosed in calcium oxalate stone formers. The objective of this study is to compare the presence of meta- bolic disorders in calcium oxalate stone formers with CKD and normal renal function. MATERIALS & METHODS: A prospective study on 111 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis was performed between January 2022 and July 2024. All patients underwent serum creatinine testing and eGFR calculation and metabolic evaluation with 24h-urine collection one month after endourological treatment or spontaneous stone elimination. The rate of hypercalciuria, hy- peroxaluria and hypocitraturia in relation to CKD was analyzed. We define CKD as either kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS: CKD was found in 20(18%) of all patient, 11(9.9%) male and 9(8.1%) female. The incidence of CKD is high in patients with more than one recurrence- 12.6% vs 5.4%( first recurrence); 8(40%) of patient with family history of stone desease are with CKD. ; The most common comorbidity in patients with CKD is hypertension-10(50%). CKD was found in 0.9% of patient with hyperuricosuria, 9.9% of hypocitraturia, 9% of hyperoxaluria-high and moderate and 7.2% of hypercalciuria. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that calcium oxalate urolithiasis is associated with higher risk of CKD. The number of stone episodes is associated with a decrease in kidney function. Metabolic disorders such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are commonly found in calcium oxalate stone formers with CKD. Identification of risk factors for stone recurrence and intervention with appropriate treatment may prevent or reduce recurrence rates and risk of ESRD.