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Importance of Imaging Exams in the Detection and Enucleation of Odontogenic Keratocyst: a Case Report

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Abstract The Odontogenic Keratocyst (QO) is a cyst of epithelial development of the jaws derived from the enamel organ or the dental lamina, which corresponds to approximately 11% of all maxillary cysts. Cysts are benign and generally asymptomatic lesions, but they can reach large sizes, causing tooth displacement, bone expansion, and facial deformity. The objective of this study is to report the total enucleation of a keratocyst in the posterior region of the mandible as an alternative treatment. Patient M.Y.S.B. 20 years old, female, ASA I, was referred to the Dental Specialties Center in Cachoeira-BA, for extraction of tooth unit 48. The panoramic radiographic examination and computed tomography showed a unilocular radiolucent image, extending from the mandibular ramus to the region of tooth 47, with apical displacement of the mandibular canal. The samples were sent for biopsy and a QO with low-grade focal epithelial dysplasia and the presence of satellite cysts was found. We opted for complete enucleation of the lesion and extraction of element 48. Radiographically, QO lesions may present a unilocular or multilocular aspect due to their size. Techniques vary from conservative treatments such as enucleation, decompression, to more aggressive treatments with partial or total resections. With this study, the importance of using image exams and biopsy for the diagnosis was observed in order to choose the effective treatment for QO. Keywords: Odontogenic Cysts. Enucleation Surgery. Maxillofacial Surgery. Resumo O Queratocisto Odontogênico (QO) é um cisto de desenvolvimento epitelial dos maxilares derivado do órgão do esmalte ou da lâmina dental, que corresponde aproximadamente a 11% de todos os cistos maxilares. Os cistos são lesões benignas e geralmente assintomáticas, mas podem atingir grandes dimensões, provocando afastamentos de dentes, expansão óssea e deformidade facial. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a enucleação total de um queratocisto na região posterior da mandíbula como alternativa de tratamento. Paciente M.Y.S.B. 20 anos, sexo feminino, ASA I, foi encaminhada ao Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas em Cachoeira-BA, para exodontia da unidade dentária 48. Ao exame radiográfico panorâmico e tomografia computadorizada observa-se imagem radiolúcida unilocular, estendendo-se desde o ramo mandibular até a região do dente 47, com deslocamento apical do canal mandibular. As amostras foram encaminhadas para biópsia e constatou-se um QO com displasia epitelial de baixo grau focal e com a presença de cistos satélites. Optou-se pela enucleação completa da lesão e extração do elemento 48. Radiograficamente, as lesões do QO podem apresentar um aspecto unilocular ou multilocular devido ao seu tamanho. As técnicas variam desde tratamentos conservadores como a enucleação, descompressão, até tratamentos mais agressivos com ressecções parciais ou totais. Com este estudo, observou-se a importância da utilização dos exames de imagem e biópsia para o diagnóstico para assim escolher o tratamento eficaz para o QO. Palavras-chave: Cistos Odontogênicos. Cirurgia de Enucleação. Cirurgia Maxilofacial.
Title: Importance of Imaging Exams in the Detection and Enucleation of Odontogenic Keratocyst: a Case Report
Description:
Abstract The Odontogenic Keratocyst (QO) is a cyst of epithelial development of the jaws derived from the enamel organ or the dental lamina, which corresponds to approximately 11% of all maxillary cysts.
Cysts are benign and generally asymptomatic lesions, but they can reach large sizes, causing tooth displacement, bone expansion, and facial deformity.
The objective of this study is to report the total enucleation of a keratocyst in the posterior region of the mandible as an alternative treatment.
Patient M.
Y.
S.
B.
20 years old, female, ASA I, was referred to the Dental Specialties Center in Cachoeira-BA, for extraction of tooth unit 48.
The panoramic radiographic examination and computed tomography showed a unilocular radiolucent image, extending from the mandibular ramus to the region of tooth 47, with apical displacement of the mandibular canal.
The samples were sent for biopsy and a QO with low-grade focal epithelial dysplasia and the presence of satellite cysts was found.
We opted for complete enucleation of the lesion and extraction of element 48.
Radiographically, QO lesions may present a unilocular or multilocular aspect due to their size.
Techniques vary from conservative treatments such as enucleation, decompression, to more aggressive treatments with partial or total resections.
With this study, the importance of using image exams and biopsy for the diagnosis was observed in order to choose the effective treatment for QO.
Keywords: Odontogenic Cysts.
Enucleation Surgery.
Maxillofacial Surgery.
Resumo O Queratocisto Odontogênico (QO) é um cisto de desenvolvimento epitelial dos maxilares derivado do órgão do esmalte ou da lâmina dental, que corresponde aproximadamente a 11% de todos os cistos maxilares.
Os cistos são lesões benignas e geralmente assintomáticas, mas podem atingir grandes dimensões, provocando afastamentos de dentes, expansão óssea e deformidade facial.
O objetivo deste estudo é relatar a enucleação total de um queratocisto na região posterior da mandíbula como alternativa de tratamento.
Paciente M.
Y.
S.
B.
20 anos, sexo feminino, ASA I, foi encaminhada ao Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas em Cachoeira-BA, para exodontia da unidade dentária 48.
Ao exame radiográfico panorâmico e tomografia computadorizada observa-se imagem radiolúcida unilocular, estendendo-se desde o ramo mandibular até a região do dente 47, com deslocamento apical do canal mandibular.
As amostras foram encaminhadas para biópsia e constatou-se um QO com displasia epitelial de baixo grau focal e com a presença de cistos satélites.
Optou-se pela enucleação completa da lesão e extração do elemento 48.
Radiograficamente, as lesões do QO podem apresentar um aspecto unilocular ou multilocular devido ao seu tamanho.
As técnicas variam desde tratamentos conservadores como a enucleação, descompressão, até tratamentos mais agressivos com ressecções parciais ou totais.
Com este estudo, observou-se a importância da utilização dos exames de imagem e biópsia para o diagnóstico para assim escolher o tratamento eficaz para o QO.
Palavras-chave: Cistos Odontogênicos.
Cirurgia de Enucleação.
Cirurgia Maxilofacial.

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