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In silico, In vitro Screening of Plant Extracts for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity and Evaluation of Their Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity
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Abstract
Background
In the absence of a specific drug for COVID 19, treatment with plant extracts could be an option worthy of further investigation.
Purpose
To screen the phytochemicals for Anti-SARS-CoV-2
in silico
and evaluate their safety and efficacy
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
Method
The phytochemicals for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 were screened
in silico
using molecular docking. The hits generated from
in silico
screening were subjected for extraction, isolation and purification. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of plant extracts of
Z. piperitum
(ATRI-CoV-E1),
W. somnifera
(ATRI-CoV-E2),
C. inophyllum
(ATRI-CoV-E3),
A. paniculata
(ATRI-CoV-E4), and
C. Asiatica
(ATRI-CoV-E5). The
in vitro
safety and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of plant extracts were performed in VeroE6 cells using Remdesivir as positive control. The acute and sub-acute toxicity study was performed in Wistar male and female rats.
Results
The percentage of cell viability for ATRI-COV-E4, ATRI-COV-E5 and ATRI-COV-E2 treated VeroE6 cells were remarkably good on the 24th and 48th hour of treatment. The
in vitro
anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of ATRI-COV-E4, ATRI-COV-E5 and ATRI-COV-E2 were significant for both E gene and N gene. The percentage of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition for ATRI-COV-E4 was better than Remdesivir. For E gene and N gene, Remdesivir showed IC
50
of 0.15 µM and 0.11 µM respectively, For E gene and N gene, ATRI-CoV-E4 showed IC
50
of 1.18 µg and 1.16 µg respectively. Taking the clue from
in vitro
findings, the plant extracts
A. paniculata
(ATRI-COV-E4),
W. somnifera
extract (ATRI-COV-E5) and
C. asiatica
extract (ATRI-COV-E2) were combined (ATRICOV 452) and evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity in Wistar male and female rats. No statistically significant difference in haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were noticed.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
in vitro
and safety of plant extracts in both
in vitro
and
in vivo
experimental conditions.
Title: In silico, In vitro
Screening of Plant Extracts for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity and Evaluation of Their Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity
Description:
Abstract
Background
In the absence of a specific drug for COVID 19, treatment with plant extracts could be an option worthy of further investigation.
Purpose
To screen the phytochemicals for Anti-SARS-CoV-2
in silico
and evaluate their safety and efficacy
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
Method
The phytochemicals for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 were screened
in silico
using molecular docking.
The hits generated from
in silico
screening were subjected for extraction, isolation and purification.
The anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of plant extracts of
Z.
piperitum
(ATRI-CoV-E1),
W.
somnifera
(ATRI-CoV-E2),
C.
inophyllum
(ATRI-CoV-E3),
A.
paniculata
(ATRI-CoV-E4), and
C.
Asiatica
(ATRI-CoV-E5).
The
in vitro
safety and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of plant extracts were performed in VeroE6 cells using Remdesivir as positive control.
The acute and sub-acute toxicity study was performed in Wistar male and female rats.
Results
The percentage of cell viability for ATRI-COV-E4, ATRI-COV-E5 and ATRI-COV-E2 treated VeroE6 cells were remarkably good on the 24th and 48th hour of treatment.
The
in vitro
anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of ATRI-COV-E4, ATRI-COV-E5 and ATRI-COV-E2 were significant for both E gene and N gene.
The percentage of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition for ATRI-COV-E4 was better than Remdesivir.
For E gene and N gene, Remdesivir showed IC
50
of 0.
15 µM and 0.
11 µM respectively, For E gene and N gene, ATRI-CoV-E4 showed IC
50
of 1.
18 µg and 1.
16 µg respectively.
Taking the clue from
in vitro
findings, the plant extracts
A.
paniculata
(ATRI-COV-E4),
W.
somnifera
extract (ATRI-COV-E5) and
C.
asiatica
extract (ATRI-COV-E2) were combined (ATRICOV 452) and evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity in Wistar male and female rats.
No statistically significant difference in haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were noticed.
Conclusion
The study demonstrated the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity
in vitro
and safety of plant extracts in both
in vitro
and
in vivo
experimental conditions.
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