Trends and Determinants of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Urban Ethiopian Women from 2000 to 2016

Abstract Background: Nutritional, epidemiological and demographic transitions have been associated with the emergence of the double burden of malnutrition globally. In Ethiopia, there has been no nationally representative investigation of trends and determinants of both underweight and overweight/obesity among urban women. This study examined the trends and determinants of underweight and overweight/obesity in urban Ethiopian women from 2000 to 2016.Methods: Trends in the prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity were investigated based on a series of the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for the years 2000 (n=2559), 2005 (n=1112), 2011 (n=3569), and 2016 (n=3106). Multivariate multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the association between socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural, and community-level factors with underweight and overweight/obesity.Results: The prevalence of underweight in urban Ethiopian women improved significantly from 23.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.3%, 26.3%) in 2000 to 14.8% (95% CI: 13.1%, 16.7%) in 2016, while overweight/obesity increased significantly from 10.9% (95% CI: 9.1%, 13.0%) in 2000 to 21.4% (95% CI: 18.2%, 25.1%) in 2016. Urban women from rich households and those who had never married were less likely to be underweight. Urban women who were from wealthy households and those who attained at least secondary education were more likely to be overweight/obese. Women who were informally employed and listened to the radio were less likely to be overweight/obese compared to those who were unemployed and did not listen to the radio, respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity increased from 2000 to 2016, with a concurrent reduction in the prevalence of underweight. Context-specific policy interventions that target improvement in socioeconomic status, regular physical activity and healthier dietary choices for urban Ethiopian women are needed.