CROP IMPROVEMENT OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) THROUGH IT'S GENETIC RESOURCES

Guava, frequently referred to as the "tropical apple," is a significant crop of fruit in India. Guava is valued for its hardiness, vitamin C, and export potential. Its versatility extends to culinary uses and potential health benefits. In 2021-2022, India, led by Uttar Pradesh, produced 5.59 million metric tons of guava, showcasing genetic diversity with unique cultivars globally. Crop improvement targets high-yield dwarfs, seedless varieties, adjusted pectin, uniform ripening, and prolonged shelf life. Guava became available to India in the 17th century after being introduced to Tropical America, resulting in a variety of Indian varieties. Essential rootstocks like Pisidium cujavillis, Psidium mole, and Chinese guava are pivotal. Noteworthy Indian guava cultivars include Pant Prabhat, HAPSI-35, and Allahabad Safeda. Global cultivation in countries like Australia, Brazil, and the USA brings forth varied guava varieties. Breeding methods encompass selection, hybridization, and mutation, yielding popular varieties like Sardar and Arka Mridula. Recent guava research advancements, including genomics and biotechnology, promise enhanced cultivation and quality.