Mothers and Daughters in the Holocaust Writing of Edith Bruck, Liana Millu, and Giuliana Tedeschi

Abstract This article focuses on Italian Holocaust testimonies written by three female survivor-writers—Edith Bruck, Liana Millu, and Giuliana Tedeschi. It considers how these authors use diverse literary forms to represent the experiences of mothers and daughters in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. Key passages in Tedeschi's survivor memoir C’è un punto della terra show the extent to which her experience was shaped by her separation from her children, and by feelings of maternal longing. Millu's autobiographical story collection Il fumo di Birkenau deftly employs the imaginative techniques of fiction to represent maternal nurturing and sacrifice. In these stories, the brutal lack of solidarity inside the camp is balanced by depictions of sisterly and motherly care among the female prisoners. Hungarian-born Bruck feels unable to recount her Holocaust memories in her mother tongue, even though much of what she has written is either for or to her mother. One such work is Lettera alla madre, a deeply affecting autobiographical novel that takes the form of an undeliverable letter. The text focuses on the unresolved relationship between the survivor-daughter and her mother, who was gassed on the day they arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau.