Incidence of Insomnia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern Kerala

Abstract BACKGROUND Insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, often resulting in poor sleep quality. Around 10% of the general population experience insomnia to the extent that it is considered a medical condition. Recently, insomnia has been recognized as a potential modifiable risk factor in the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). OBJECTIVES (1) To estimate the incidence of insomnia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. (2) To determine the correlation between demographic and clinical variables with the occurrence of insomnia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary care center in Thiruvalla from 2022-2025 period. Convenience sampling was used to study 250 patients attending the hospital for consultation. A predesigned proforma was used to collect details and history, IIRS to diagnose insomnia, ADA criteria for T2DM were used.Data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS Version 25. RESULTS This study in 250 T2DM individuals had higher representation of females (56.4%) than males (43.6%). Occupational distribution shows majority belongs to unskilled (43.2%) and skilled (22%) categories. A significant proportion of individuals suffer from hypertension (49.2%), OSA (34%), and peripheral neuropathy (20%). Hypothyroidism is present in 19.6% and hyperthyroidism in 0.8% patients. The Incidence of Insomnia is 40.4% in the study population with secondary insomnia (83.17%) being more common than Primary insomnia (16.83%). Among those with insomnia, 47.52% experience difficulty falling asleep, 24.75% struggle with maintaining sleep, and 29.70% wake up too early. The duration of T2DM (p= 0.006), PPBS and HbA1C levels (p=0.002 for both) show significant association with the occurrence of Insomnia and Age(p=0.079), Sex and Occupation (p= 0.191 for both) and FBS(p=0.194) levels not. CONCLUSION In this study of 250 T2DM patients, the incidence of insomnia (40.4%) found to be higher than in general population.56.4% were females and 43.6% were males. Secondary insomnia (83.17%) found to be more common than Primary insomnia (16.83%) in insomnia patients. The duration of T2DM, PPBS and HbA1C levels show significant association with the occurrence of Insomnia and Age, Sex, Occupation and FBS levels not.