Squamous cell carcinoma on Buruli ulcer graft scar, Ivory Coast

The Buruli ulcer is an infectious necrotizing panniculitis due to Mycobacterium ulcerans, which heals leaving scars. On these scars, squamous cell carcinoma may occur in the long term, even in the case of skin grafting. Herein, we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma occurring on a directed Buruli ulcer scar. A 35-year-old patient with a history of a Buruli ulcer healed with a skin graft in a specialized center for about thirteen years consulted for a cauliflower-like, ulcerating swelling on the left elbow. An examination revealed a large, ulcerating, cauliflower-like swelling. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was retained, and an amputation was performed without chemotherapy. There was no recurrence after six months of follow-up. After good healing, the Buruli ulcer seemed to present a risk of long-term evolution toward cancer. This observation raises the question of the carcinogenic role of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Key words: Buruli ulcer; Scar; Squamous cell carcinoma