Bridging Neurotransmitter Functions and Psychological Disorders: A Detailed Review

Neuropharmacology, the branch of medical science, deals with the action of various pharmacological agents on the nervous system. Neurotransmitters are the endogenous chemical substances released from neurons, through which neurons are capable to communicate with each other through-out the body. There are numerous neurotransmitters are present in the body such as acetylcholine, noradrenalin, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA (γ-amino butyric acid), aspartate, glycine and histamine etc. These neurotransmitters are actively involved in almost all the physiological process in the body. Upregulation or downregulation of these neurotransmitters results in abnormal physiological or disease states. Therefore, a number of pharmacological agents are developed to regulate the level of neurotransmitters in brain and are employed to treat these neurological diseases or disorders.