Commentary in response to BMC Urology publication entitled “Infection-related hospitalization following ureteroscopic stone treatment: results from a surgical collaborative”

AbstractThis Commentary is in response to the BMC Urology publication entitled “Infection-related hospitalization following ureteroscopic stone treatment: Results from a surgical collaborative”. This study utilized a registry with prospectively recorded standardized data elements named Reducing Operative Complications from Kidney Stones, part of the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative, to identify risk factors of infection-related hospitalization after ureteroscopy for stone treatment. The study included 1817 primary URS procedures for urinary stones in 11 practices in Michigan. They found 43 patients (2.4%) were hospitalized with an infection-related complication and 3 patients died during their hospitalization (0.2% mortality rate). Just over 20% of patients did not have a pre-operative urinalysis or urine culture, representing a deviation from guideline recommendations. Also, in the hospitalized group, none of the 12 patients (27.9%) who had a positive pre-operative urinalysis or urine culture received pre-operative treatment. A multivariable analysis identified higher Charleston Comorbidity Index, history of recurrent urinary tract infection, increasing stone size, intraoperative complications, and fragments left in-situ as independent risk factors for hospitalization from an infection after ureteroscopy. This commentary discusses caveats to the data as well as short-comings of the study. It also reviews more broadly infection after ureteroscopy, includes findings from similar studies, and highlights guideline recommendations to reduce infection risk.