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Human Agency in Islamic Moral Reasoning
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<div><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Konsep “human agency” pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu. Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur’an dan hadis, tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya. Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti kamapanan dalam diri manusia. Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual.</p><p><em>Kata kunci : human agency, otonomi manusia, otoritas teks religius, uṣūl fiqh, nalar syari‘at</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>Abstract :</strong> The notion of human agency is generally associated with human capability to be autonomous in making choices and action, the human ability to make acts of resistance toward certain hegemonic and established rules or authorities. In the context of the tradition of Islamic legal thought, human agency is not merely contained in the term of human submission to the transmitted authority of the Quran and hadith, but also in another forms. This paper tries to show that there are legal maxims in the tradition of uṣūl fiqh that enable for the development of the idea of human agency which does not merely have an orientation to the human necessity of submission to the religious scriptural authority, but also the concept of human agency which based on human nature to be autonomous and resistant. While elaborating some concepts in the uṣūl fiqh such as qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, and istiṣḥāb we would find out that one’s ethical act in Islam does not merely proceed from religious scripture but it is also based on the human’s autonomous thoughts which would culminate in the emerging of more contextual, not textual, concepts of human agency.<em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords : Human agency, human autonomous capability, religious scriptural authority, uṣūl fiqh, shariʿa reasoning </em></p></div>
Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Islam (STFI) Sadra
Title: Human Agency in Islamic Moral Reasoning
Description:
<div><p><strong>Abstrak :</strong> Konsep “human agency” pada umumnya dikaitkan kemampuan otonom manusia untuk menentukan pilihan dan tindakannya sendiri, kemampuan manusia untuk memberikan perlawanan terhadap kemapanan, atau ketertundukan diri manusia terhadap suatu otoritas atau aturan tertentu.
Dalam konteks tradisi pemikiran hukum Islam, human agency ternyata tidak hanya terdapat dalam bentuk ketertundukan diri terhadap otoritas teks al-Qur’an dan hadis, tapi juga ada bentuk-bentuk yang lainnya.
Tulisan saya ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa dalam tradisi uṣūl fiqh terdapat kaidah-kaidah hukum yang memberikan ruang bagi berkembangnya teori human agency tidak hanya berorientasi pada keniscayaan manusia untuk tunduk terhadap otoritas teks keagamaan, tapi juga konsep human agency yang berbasis pada otonomi dan semangat anti kamapanan dalam diri manusia.
Dengan mengupas konsep-konsep dalam usul fiqih seperti qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, dan istiṣḥāb, kita akan mengetahui bahwa tindakan etik seseorang dalam Islam tidak semata bersumber dari teks keagamaan tetapi juga berdasarkan pemikiran otonom manusia yang pada ujungnya melahirkan konsep-konsep human agency yang lebih kontekstual, bukan tekstual.
</p><p><em>Kata kunci : human agency, otonomi manusia, otoritas teks religius, uṣūl fiqh, nalar syari‘at</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong>Abstract :</strong> The notion of human agency is generally associated with human capability to be autonomous in making choices and action, the human ability to make acts of resistance toward certain hegemonic and established rules or authorities.
In the context of the tradition of Islamic legal thought, human agency is not merely contained in the term of human submission to the transmitted authority of the Quran and hadith, but also in another forms.
This paper tries to show that there are legal maxims in the tradition of uṣūl fiqh that enable for the development of the idea of human agency which does not merely have an orientation to the human necessity of submission to the religious scriptural authority, but also the concept of human agency which based on human nature to be autonomous and resistant.
While elaborating some concepts in the uṣūl fiqh such as qiyās, istiḥsān, istiṣlāḥ, and istiṣḥāb we would find out that one’s ethical act in Islam does not merely proceed from religious scripture but it is also based on the human’s autonomous thoughts which would culminate in the emerging of more contextual, not textual, concepts of human agency.
<em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords : Human agency, human autonomous capability, religious scriptural authority, uṣūl fiqh, shariʿa reasoning </em></p></div>.
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