Menopause Leading to Increased Vaginal Wall Thickness in Women with Genital Prolapse: Impact on Sexual Response

ABSTRACTIntroductionHypoestrogenism causes structural changes in the vaginal wall that can lead to sexual dysfunction. A reduction in vaginal wall thickness has been reported to occur after menopause, although without precise morphometry.AimTo measure vaginal wall thickness in women with genital prolapse in normal and hypoestrogenic conditions and to correlate sexual dysfunction with vaginal wall thickness and estradiol levels.MethodsSurgical vaginal specimens from 18 normoestrogenic and 13 postmenopausal women submitted to surgery for genital prolapse grades I and II were examined. Patients were evaluated for FSH, estradiol, prolactin, glycemia, and serum TSH levels. For histological analysis, samples were stained with Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin. Sexual function was assessed by the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS).Main Outcome MeasuresGRISS questionnaire, histological analysis, morphometric methods, Masson’s trichrome.ResultsThe vaginal wall was thicker in the postmenopausal than premenopausal group (2.72 ± 0.72 mm and 2.16 ± 0.43, P = 0.01, and 2.63 ± 0.71 mm and 2.07 ± 0.49 mm, P = 0.01, for the anterior and posterior walls, respectively). These thicknesses seem to be due to the muscular layer, which was also thicker in the postmenopausal group (1.54 ± 0.44 and 1.09 ± 0.3 mm, P = 0.02, and 1.45 ± 0.47 and 1.07 ± 0.44 mm, P = 0.03, for the anterior and posterior wall, respectively). The vaginal epithelium was thinner in the middle segment than in the proximal one in the posterior wall (0.17 ± 0.07 mm, 0.15 ± 0.05 mm, 0.24 ± 0.09 mm, P = 0.02). There was no correlation between coital pain, vaginal wall thickness, and estradiol levels in either group.ConclusionThe vaginal wall is thicker after menopause in women with genital prolapse. In this study, vaginal thickness and estrogen levels were not related to sexual dysfunction.