Analysis of Golden Proportion, Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion and Golden Percentage in Adult Saudi Arabian Population

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to analyze the proportions of maxillary anterior teeth with respect to golden proportion (GP), recurring esthetic dental proportion (RED), in addition to width/height (W/H) and golden percentage ratios in adult Saudi population. Materials and Methods: Maxillary gypsum casts obtained from 200 adults were photographed using standardized frontal digital imaging. The apparent and actual anterior teeth dimensions were measured using Image J software and digital calipers, respectively, for the calculation of existence of GP, RED, W/H ratio and golden percentage ratio. Calculated ratios of the apparent widths of the teeth were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis and compared with their respective esthetic proportion values using a one sample t-test at α < 0.05. Results: The anterior teeth exhibited significantly greater width and length in males than in females (P < 0.05). The proportions of the maxillary incisors deviated significantly from the GP (62%), except for the left lateral incisor/left central incisor ratio in males. Additionally, these proportions differed significantly from the RED (70%) and golden percentage. Moreover, the W/H ratio of the maxillary central incisor has statistically exceeded the established optimal value of 80%. Conclusions: The GP was exclusively observed in maxillary left lateral incisor/left central incisor, and only in males. All other measured proportions diverged significantly from GP and RED. Furthermore, the W/H ratio for maxillary central incisor significantly differed from the ideal 80%, in both genders. Keywords: Golden proportion, Recurrent dental proportion, Golden percentage, Width/length ration, Maxillary anterior teeth, Saudi Arabian adults.