Climate-Resilient Forest Economics: Adapting Tree Species Rotation for Changing Times

The economic implications of rotation periods in tree plantation ventures are often underestimated. This study aims to determine the most financially rewarding rotation cycles for three tree species—Vachellia nilotica, Populus deltoides, and Dalbergia sissoo—in diverse tehsils of District Jhang, Pakistan, employing various economic assessment tools. Data were gathered on the quantities of the selected tree species, along with associated costs and benefits. Tree valuations beyond five years were determined by local farmers. Net present worth (NPW) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) were used as economic indicators to identify optimal rotation cycles. The most favorable rotation cycle for V. nilotica was found to be six years, yielding a NPW of Rs. 1768.1 and a BCR of 222.01. Similarly, P. deltoides exhibited optimal economic outcomes within a six-year rotation, with a NPW of Rs. 1356.8 and a BCR of 170.61. For D. sissoo, the ideal rotation was also six years, resulting in a NPW of Rs. 2191.2 and an impressive BCR of 274.91 (equivalent to 273.91%). This study concludes that a six-year rotation cycle is recommended for cultivating V. nilotica, P. deltoides, and D. sissoo, to maximize economic returns. These findings suggest the viability of these species for neighboring regions and districts, underlining their potential for sustainable growth and substantial economic benefits.