Exploring nuclear structure through experimentation and logic

Re-exploring the nucleus using early experiments and data reveals that the helium nuclei within the nucleus exhibit a 1/4/9 spherical structure, closely related to the electrons outside the nucleus; employing logical thinking and ingenious solutions to the magic number rule, the mysteries within the nucleus are unveiled; the principles of nuclear decay, fission, and the source of nuclear energy are deciphered. The atomic nucleus is extremely small, and how it is constituted and structured remains a scientific mystery. This study focuses on the α-rays (helium nuclei) within the nucleus and the atomic weights of magic number elements, which are all multiples of n4. It has been discovered that protons and electrons within the nucleus first combine to form a microstructure—where two electrons rapidly rotate around four protons, forming a tetrahedral helium nucleus. This structure then combines to form the most stable magic number nuclei. The decay and fission of atomic nuclei are due to the presence of neutrons and double neutrons within the nucleus, which are unstable microstructures. This study has discovered that, apart from hydrogen atoms, all atomic nuclei are centered around a helium nucleus tetrahedron, extending and connecting to the helium nuclei in the spaces of the four faces, forming a layered surrounding structure of 1/4, 9… of the helium nucleus, revealing the intrinsic organic composition of the atomic nucleus. A helium nucleus can attract two extranuclear electrons, which precisely corresponds to the energy level arrangement of extranuclear electrons 2/8/18…, establishing a concentric, multi-layered spherical nuclear structure model that links the inside and outside of the nucleus, and can also create the “Nuclear Structure Periodic Table.” Using microstructures and their core models, it is possible to reasonably explain the experimental data of magic numbers and the results of radioactive experiments, verify the internal and external connections of the nuclear structure model, and also interpret the reasons for the vast differences in the half-lives of various isotopes. It has been discovered that the process of nuclear fission and the enormous nuclear energy originate from the kinetic energy of the high-speed rotation of massive microstructures within the nucleus, not from the mass‐energy formula.