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Biomechanical assessment of suture techniques used for tendon repair
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Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess different tendon suture techniques from the perspectives of both tensile strength and early active mobilization. \r\nMethods: In this study, we implemented repairs on 40 flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons, acquired from fresh frozen cadavers. The tendons were divided into 5 groups of 8 tendons each. We applied the 2-strand modified Kessler suture technique in the first group, the 4-strand Strickland suture technique in the second group, the 4-strand modified Kessler (without epitenon suture) suture technique in the third group, and the 4-strand modified Kessler (with epitenon sutures) suture technique in the fourth group. The remaining 8 intact tendons were set aside as the control group. The strength of the different tendon suture techniques were measured using the Instron® device. \r\nResults: The average tolerance strength of the first group was determined as 39.89±9.65 Newtons (N), the average tolerance strength of the second group was 39.64±9.14 N, the average tolerance strength of the third group was 50.29±11.24 N, the average tolerance strength of the fourth group was 54.47±6.83 N, and the average tolerance strength of the control group was 119±17.59 N. The tensile strength of the fourth group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the first group, and the tensile strength of the third group was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than the first group. No significant difference was observed between the tensile strengths of the second and first groups (p>0.05). \r\nConclusion: According to our findings, the tensile strength of 4-strand sutures, with or without epitenon sutures, are significantly higher than the tensile strength of 2-strand sutures. All suture techniques applied had sufficient tensile strength to promote early mobilization.
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı tendon dikiş tekniklerinin çekme dayanımı ve erken aktif hareket açısından uygunluğu değerlendirildi. \r\nÇalışma planı: Taze donmuş kadavra ellerinden elde edilen 40 fleksör digitorum profundus (FDP) tendonuna onarım uygulandı. Tendonlar 8’erlikten 5 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruba, proksimalden kilitli 2 kollu modifiye Kessler, ikinci gruba 4 kollu Strickland, üçüncü gruba 4 kollu modifiye Kessler (epitenon dikişsiz), dördüncü gruba da ise 4 kollu modifiye Kessler (epitenon kişli) dikiş teknikleri uygulandı. Geri kalan 8 adet tendon ise kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Farklı tendon dikiş tekniklerinin gücü Instron® cihazı ile ölçüldü. \r\nBulgular: Birinci grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 39.89±9.65 Newton (N), ikinci grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 39.64±9.14 N, üçüncü grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 50.29± 11.24 N, dördüncü grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 54.47±6.83 N, kontrol grubunun ortalama dayanma gücü ise 119±17.59 N olarak saptandı. Bu sonuçlara göre dördüncü grubun çekme dayanımı birinci gruba göre ve üçüncü grubun çekme dayanımı birinci gruba göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu (p<0.05). İkinci grubun çekme dayanımı ile birinci grubun çekme dayanımı arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). \r\nÇıkarımlar: Bulgularımıza göre epitenon dikişli olsun veya olmasın 4 kollu dikişlerin çekme dayanımı 2 kollu dikişlerin çekme dayanımına göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Uyguladığımız tüm dikiş teknikleri erken hareket verebilmek için yeterli güce sahiptiler.
Title: Biomechanical assessment of suture techniques used for tendon repair
Description:
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess different tendon suture techniques from the perspectives of both tensile strength and early active mobilization.
\r\nMethods: In this study, we implemented repairs on 40 flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons, acquired from fresh frozen cadavers.
The tendons were divided into 5 groups of 8 tendons each.
We applied the 2-strand modified Kessler suture technique in the first group, the 4-strand Strickland suture technique in the second group, the 4-strand modified Kessler (without epitenon suture) suture technique in the third group, and the 4-strand modified Kessler (with epitenon sutures) suture technique in the fourth group.
The remaining 8 intact tendons were set aside as the control group.
The strength of the different tendon suture techniques were measured using the Instron® device.
\r\nResults: The average tolerance strength of the first group was determined as 39.
89±9.
65 Newtons (N), the average tolerance strength of the second group was 39.
64±9.
14 N, the average tolerance strength of the third group was 50.
29±11.
24 N, the average tolerance strength of the fourth group was 54.
47±6.
83 N, and the average tolerance strength of the control group was 119±17.
59 N.
The tensile strength of the fourth group was significantly higher (p<0.
05) than the first group, and the tensile strength of the third group was also significantly higher (p<0.
05) than the first group.
No significant difference was observed between the tensile strengths of the second and first groups (p>0.
05).
\r\nConclusion: According to our findings, the tensile strength of 4-strand sutures, with or without epitenon sutures, are significantly higher than the tensile strength of 2-strand sutures.
All suture techniques applied had sufficient tensile strength to promote early mobilization.
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı tendon dikiş tekniklerinin çekme dayanımı ve erken aktif hareket açısından uygunluğu değerlendirildi.
\r\nÇalışma planı: Taze donmuş kadavra ellerinden elde edilen 40 fleksör digitorum profundus (FDP) tendonuna onarım uygulandı.
Tendonlar 8’erlikten 5 gruba ayrıldı.
Birinci gruba, proksimalden kilitli 2 kollu modifiye Kessler, ikinci gruba 4 kollu Strickland, üçüncü gruba 4 kollu modifiye Kessler (epitenon dikişsiz), dördüncü gruba da ise 4 kollu modifiye Kessler (epitenon kişli) dikiş teknikleri uygulandı.
Geri kalan 8 adet tendon ise kontrol grubunu oluşturdu.
Farklı tendon dikiş tekniklerinin gücü Instron® cihazı ile ölçüldü.
\r\nBulgular: Birinci grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 39.
89±9.
65 Newton (N), ikinci grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 39.
64±9.
14 N, üçüncü grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 50.
29± 11.
24 N, dördüncü grubun ortalama dayanma gücü 54.
47±6.
83 N, kontrol grubunun ortalama dayanma gücü ise 119±17.
59 N olarak saptandı.
Bu sonuçlara göre dördüncü grubun çekme dayanımı birinci gruba göre ve üçüncü grubun çekme dayanımı birinci gruba göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu (p<0.
05).
İkinci grubun çekme dayanımı ile birinci grubun çekme dayanımı arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.
05).
\r\nÇıkarımlar: Bulgularımıza göre epitenon dikişli olsun veya olmasın 4 kollu dikişlerin çekme dayanımı 2 kollu dikişlerin çekme dayanımına göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir.
Uyguladığımız tüm dikiş teknikleri erken hareket verebilmek için yeterli güce sahiptiler.
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