Geophysical investigation of subsurface water using electrical resistivity techniques in Kibiya Local Government, Kano State, Nigeria

This study investigates subsurface water resources in Kibiya Local Government, Kano State, using geophysical electrical resistivity techniques. The research aims to identify geological factors contributing to the drying up of hand-dug wells and boreholes, assess aquifer characteristics, and propose potential solutions for water scarcity in the region. Data collection involved 20 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) points using the Schlumberger configuration (0–200m spacing), with resistivity measurements processed through IPI2win software to generate geoelectric sections. Results reveal five distinct geological layers, including topsoil (21.5–62 Ωm), lateritic deposits (4.96–91 Ωm), weathered basement ((10.7–279 Ωm, thickness: 0.16–40.6m), fractured basement (>1,000 Ωm), and fresh basement rocks ((>10,000 Ωm). Two aquifer systems were identified: the weathered basement aquifer and the fractured basement aquifer. The weathered basement serves as the primary water bearing layer because of its moderate resistivity and significant thickness, with optimal groundwater potential at VES 4,12 and 16 (thickness >30m). In contrast, the fractured basement exhibited high resistivity, indicating partially decomposed, water-bearing formations. These findings provide critical insights into subsurface hydrological conditions and serve as a scientific basis for addressing water resource challenges in Kibiya.