Epstein–Barr virus

Abstract Epstein–Barr virus is a human herpesvirus with a linear double-stranded DNA genome that is carried asymptomatically by most people. Symptomless primary infection is usual in childhood, establishing a lifelong carrier state where the virus persists as a latent infection of circulating B cells. The virus replicates recurrently in oropharyngeal epithelial cells, with consequent shedding of virus in saliva transmitting infection. Controversially, Epstein–Barr virus has been linked with certain autoimmune diseases. In particular, there is strong serologic and epidemiologic evidence to suggest that previous exposure to Epstein–Barr virus markedly increases the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. Although the Epstein–Barr virus/multiple sclerosis connection is receiving much attention, the mechanism that might underpin such an association remains uncertain.