Analysis of Micro-Evolution Mechanism of 3D Crack Initiation in Brittle Materials with Hole under Uniaxial Compression

This article investigates the microscopic mechanism of crack initiation and propagation in three-dimensional embedded cracks in brittle materials containing circular holes. First, a method for the development of transparent, brittle materials is proposed. Second, UCS tests were conducted on transparent, brittle materials containing circular holes and internally embedded three-dimensional cracks. Finally, a numerical model was established in PFC3D to analyze the crack initiation and propagation mechanism. The results show that when α = 0° (α refers to the pre-existing crack inclination), the upper tip of the pre-existing crack appears as a tensile wing crack, and the lower tip of the pre-existing crack appears as a tensile–shear mixed crack. When α = 30°, no wing crack appears, and the tensile crack on the fracture surface only appears after the hole cracks. When α = 60 and 90°, a tensile wing crack and an anti-wing tensile–shear mixed crack appear at the upper tip of the pre-existing crack. A tensile wing crack appears at the lower tip of the pre-existing crack and appears “self-limiting”. During the propagation of wing cracks to the surface of the specimen, the transition sequence of the crack propagation mechanism is tensile through failure—tension-shear mixed failure—tensile failure. It can be seen that the interaction between the crack and hole has an important influence on the evolution mechanism of the crack and the failure mode of the specimen.