Immediate-release dosage form; focus on disintegrants use as a promising excipient

Disintegrants are materials or mixtures of substances added in the drug formulations, which make easier dispersion or breakup of tablets and ingredients of capsules in small-scale particles for fast dissolution then it comes in contact with water in the GI tract. Immediate drug release dosage forms disintegrate rapidly after administration with an enhanced rate of dissolution. The superdisintegrants provide instantaneous disintegration of tablets after administration in the stomach. In this field, immediate-release liquid dosage forms and parenteral dosage forms have also been introduced for treating patients. The oral route is the most convenient route for the administration of solid dosage form, about 85% of solid dosage is administered by the oral route because of its advantages over others. The therapeutic activity of these formulations is obtained through a typical manner like disintegration followed by dissolution. Hence disintegration has a major role in facilitating drug activity. Diverse categories of superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural, co-processed blends, multifunctional superdisintegrants, etc. have been employed to develop effectual orodispersible tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage forms. The objective of the present review article is to highlight the various kinds of traditional, Natural crude drugs containing gum and mucilage, Co-processed, semisynthetic and synthetic disintegrants along with a concentration in tablet and capsule disintegration and effect on drug release, which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient compliance. Also highlights the mechanism and use of disintegrants in the immediate release dosage form. Keywords: Disintegrants, Natural, Co-processed, Immediate release