Grave 43

The grave pit is rectangular in shape, with rounded corners, measuring 2.70 x 1.05 m, at a depth of 2.20 m, oriented northeast to southwest. A man, 45-50 years old. The body was laid on its back, with its head to the northeast. The right hand was curled into the elbow and in the palm was the handle of the rod, the left hand lying on the chest. The legs are stretched, the right foot lies on the left. Anthropological studies show: about 170-172 cm in height (176.5 cm in Trotter-Gleser and 168.6 in Pearson). The skull has European-like marks, the northern and armenoidal marks characteristic of the dinar racial type predominate. In the context of the burials with skeletons, the grave No. 43 occupied a special place with the extremely rich and varied inventory hidden in it. The gold objects were 990 pieces with a total weight of 1516 grams. To the eastern wall of the grave pit, fragments of pottery and red ocher were discovered above the bones. Gold objects were found around and on the skeleton. Three strings of golden beads were worn on the neck and found on the chest, strings of golden beads were placed as bracelets above the wrists, and some of the biconic beads found on the left side of the skeleton were probably sewn to the garment. Convex applications also decorated the garment and were found primarily on the chest and around the legs. To the left of the skull and above the shoulder, golden “cabbages” were probably the decoration of an arrowhead quiver. Ten large round applications found around the head were probably sewn onto a strip and served as a diadem. The gold rings were probably used as earrings. To the left of the body, symmetrically placed to the left of the body, symmetrically placed relative to each other were the forks of a bow. The wooden handle of the rod was decorated by a nail, three cylindrical fittings and five rings. The bracelet of a spondilus placed on the left hand during the buried man’s lifetime was repaired - the broken sites were fortified with two golden plates. Two round applications were placed on the knees, possibly also part of the garment decoration. The rectangular plates found in the area of the cross probably decorated the belt of the garment. A phallus model was found to the right of the pelvis. A large applique (pectoral) was located on the chest. Two golden bracelets were found above each arm’s elbows. The seven copper guns hidden in the grave represent the main set and types of copper tools characteristic of the end of the chalcolithic. A copper ax, a hammer. A similar ax and chisel were found between the knees. To the left were a chisel, a neck and a needle. Above the left shoulder, a long copper tip of a spear and a flint tip of a spear are found parallel to the body. Three flint knives, located next to the left thigh, to the right of the cross and on the pelvis and stone chairs, complete the ensemble of the most used tools during the period. A pad placed behind the head - a drum, a pie - lying to the right of the head and a pot with a lid laid on the chest of the dead and two bony hair needles. Inventory: - Beads, gold, 890 pieces, total weight 498.86 grams, diameters 0.3 to 1 cm. Beads are divided into seven strings. The largest is the number of cylindrical beads whose edges on the inside are so touched that a triangular groove is formed. The next group of beads is biconic, and the smallest are those with a spherical shape (28 pieces). - Applications, gold, 42 pieces, total weight 49.14 grams, diameters 1.3 to 1.8 cm. Convex, round, with two pairs of openings near the periphery. Cut from thin, circular plates and shaped like a hemisphere by knocking. - Cobbers, gold, 11 pieces, 6, 78 grams in total, 0, 9 cm in diameter. Semi-spherical upper, the blades have a rectangular cross-section and a folded end (possibly an arrowhead colchan decoration). - Applications of diadem, gold, 10 pieces, total weight 63, 64 grams, diameters 3.5 to 4.1 cm. Round in shape, slightly convective, with two pairs of openings close to the periphery for sewing into a strip of leather or fabric. - Halki, gold, 16 pieces, total weight 56.62 grams, diameters 1.2 to 2.4 cm. Made of wire of rectangular, hemispherical or circular cross-section. Their ends are touching or overlapping. 11 rings were found around the head (earrings?) and the remaining 5 were part of the decoration of the rod handle. - Naconnica and clutches of a rod handle, gold 4 pieces, total weight 73.50 grams, length 3.6 to 4.8 cm. The nail is cylindrical in shape, flat round top and curved outward edge at the lower end. Two of the fittings are cylindrical, as well as the third, but the edge is curved outwards. Between the nail and the three shells were strung 5 by the rings. - ax, white limestone, length 19.2 cm. - Beans of bow, gold, 6 pieces, total weight 32, 46 grams, length 1.2 to 3.5 cm. The cylindrical shape consists of rectangular plates with rounded edges. - Bracelet, Spondylus mussel shell, diameter 9, 2 cm., width of the goldfinch, 1.3 and 2.1 cm. In two places it was broken and the fragments were reinforced by two golden rectangular plates, the surface of which was decorated with “pearls” located in rows. - Applications, gold, 2 pieces, total weight 19.13 grams, diameters 4.6 and 4.8 cm. Circular, slightly convective applications with two pairs of holes symmetrically placed next to the sewing periphery. On the periphery are decorated by a row of pearls. - Plates, gold 2 pieces, total weight 12, 20 grams, length 7.7 and 7.8 cm. With a rectangular shape and rounded corners, each of which has one sewing hole (possibly ends of a belt). - Model of phallus, gold, weight 23.48 grams, length 5.1 cm. A rounded conical shape, tapering towards the top with an opening. There are three holes drilled to the edge, possibly for sewing into the garment. - Chest, gold, weight 42.67 grams, diameter 9.1 cm. A circular convection shape, with two pairs of holes symmetrically arranged and four single holes. Made from a disk of 3-4 mm thickness; traces of hard object machining appear on the surface. - Bracelets, gold, 4 pieces, total weight 534.95 grams, diameters 9.2 to 9.5 cm. Round shape, crustaceans made of 4.5 mm thick plate. - Wax - 2 pieces, copper, 13.3 cm long and 20.8 cm long. - Tesla-chisel, copper, length 16.3 cm. Trapped form. - Chisel, copper, length 15.3 cm. rectangular section. - Needle, copper, in two parts, length 7.3 cm. - Shiloh, copper, length 15.6 cm. With a circular section at the working end and a quadrangular section at the other end. - Copy, copper, length 31 cm. Massive body with oval cross section, curved heel and leafy end. - Peak, flint, length 7.3 cm. Leaf-shaped, well-retouched countries. - Plates - 3 pieces, flint, lengths 8.2; 39.7 and 12.6 cm. Corusists with a trapezoidal cross section. - Tesla, stone, length 4.5 cm. Triangular shape, rounded nape and beveled blade. - Tesla, stone, length 11.5 cm. Dining shape, beveled blade. - Fit, clay, height 24.2 cm. Ovid hollow body. The top has a larger diameter with four bouquets. The body in horizontal belts has geometric ornaments. - Vessel, clay, diameter 14.2 cm., height 7.4 cm. Biconic form AM Varna, Inv. N ° I 563-863 Maya Avramova