Review on Urban Flood Risk Assessment

Under the background of rapid urban development and continuous climate change, frequent floods around the world have caused serious economic losses and social problems, which has become the main reason for the sustainable development of cities. Flood disaster risk assessment is an important non-engineering measure in urban disaster prevention and mitigation, and scientific flood disaster risk assessment is the premise and foundation of flood disaster risk management. This paper summarizes the current situation of flood risk assessment by analyzing the international literature in recent 20 years. The mechanism of flood disaster is mainly discussed. The flood disaster assessment methods are summarized, including historical disaster statistics method, multi-criteria index system method, remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) coupling method, scenario simulation evaluation method and machine learning method. Furthermore, the development status of flood risk analysis and forecasting is summarized. Finally, the development trend and direction of flood risk assessment are put forward.