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Rethinking Secularism in Colonial Algeria: Preliminary Reflections

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Abstract: The article highlights the religious dimension of colonial secularism and shows how it excluded Muslims from its very first legal formulation. It thus sheds light on the distinction between colonial secularism (the exclusion of Islam) and siyâsa , the traditional form of secularity that existed in the Muslim world before colonization. This dynamic explains why the Association of Algerian Ulama accepted, and even demanded, colonial secularism. The author shows that this attitude was not merely a strategy to recover waqf properties and gain autonomy from the state but could also be understood as consistent with Islamic principles. However, the colonial secularism they adopted led to a profound reconfiguration of Islam, depriving the Islamic principles of their spiritual depth and ethical foundations. Résumés: L'article met en évidence l'aspect religieux de la laïcité coloniale et montre comment elle a exclu les musulmans dès sa première formulation légale. Le texte met ainsi en lumière la distinction entre laïcité coloniale (exclusion de l'Islam) et siyâsa , la forme traditionnelle de sécularité présente dans le monde musulman avant la colonisation. Cette dynamique explique pourquoi l'Association des Oulémas d'Alger a accepté la laïcité coloniale et l'a même réclamée. L'auteur montre que cette attitude n'était pas seulement une stratégie pour récupérer les biens des waqf et obtenir une autonomie vis-à-vis de l'État, mais qu'elle pouvait également être considérée comme cohérente avec les principes islamiques, aux yeux des oulémas. Cependant, la laïcité coloniale qu'ils ont adoptée a entraîné progressivement une reconfiguration profonde de l'Islam, en privant les principes islamiques de leur portée spirituelle et de leurs fondements éthiques.
Title: Rethinking Secularism in Colonial Algeria: Preliminary Reflections
Description:
Abstract: The article highlights the religious dimension of colonial secularism and shows how it excluded Muslims from its very first legal formulation.
It thus sheds light on the distinction between colonial secularism (the exclusion of Islam) and siyâsa , the traditional form of secularity that existed in the Muslim world before colonization.
This dynamic explains why the Association of Algerian Ulama accepted, and even demanded, colonial secularism.
The author shows that this attitude was not merely a strategy to recover waqf properties and gain autonomy from the state but could also be understood as consistent with Islamic principles.
However, the colonial secularism they adopted led to a profound reconfiguration of Islam, depriving the Islamic principles of their spiritual depth and ethical foundations.
Résumés: L'article met en évidence l'aspect religieux de la laïcité coloniale et montre comment elle a exclu les musulmans dès sa première formulation légale.
Le texte met ainsi en lumière la distinction entre laïcité coloniale (exclusion de l'Islam) et siyâsa , la forme traditionnelle de sécularité présente dans le monde musulman avant la colonisation.
Cette dynamique explique pourquoi l'Association des Oulémas d'Alger a accepté la laïcité coloniale et l'a même réclamée.
L'auteur montre que cette attitude n'était pas seulement une stratégie pour récupérer les biens des waqf et obtenir une autonomie vis-à-vis de l'État, mais qu'elle pouvait également être considérée comme cohérente avec les principes islamiques, aux yeux des oulémas.
Cependant, la laïcité coloniale qu'ils ont adoptée a entraîné progressivement une reconfiguration profonde de l'Islam, en privant les principes islamiques de leur portée spirituelle et de leurs fondements éthiques.

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