Breathomics of Respiratory Diseases

In humans, respiratory disorders are common. Today, rapid, risk-free, and potentially low-cost diagnostics of respiratory disorders detected in the patient's exhaled air are critical. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), volatile organic molecules, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and hydrogen peroxide are among the inhaled biomarkers mentioned.  Breathomics from exhaled volatile organic compounds and oximeters are also shortly discussed. The use of WO3 in FENO monitors is discussed. They large-scale produced and widely used in medical centers and clinics for diagnostics of respiratory diseases.  Promising semiconductor sensors are manufactured from SnO2, doped with Pd, Au, or Pt or multi walls carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticle with single wall carbon nanotubes, quartz microbalance devices with porphyrin, ITO –Zno-Pt films, and surface acoustic wave devices with isobutylene. A combination of VOCs is considered as a “molecular fingerprint” of breath.  The electronic nose on metal oxide detectors allows investigating lung cancer and tuberculous.