Multiple Insecticide Resistance and Associated Metabolic-Based Mechanisms in a Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) Population Collected From Southeast China

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an economically important pest of crops worldwide. A M. persicae (SEF-R) population from a cabbage field in southeastern China was tested for susceptibilities to 13 insecticides. Compared with the susceptible clone (FFJ-S), extremely high and high-resistance to beta-cypermethrin (324-fold) and imidacloprid (106.9-fold) were detected in SEF-R. More importantly, this is the first report of resistance in field M. persicae population to sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, pymetrozine, spirotetramat, flonicamid, and broflanilide in China. The resistance factor decayed to a low level to sulfoxaflor and pymetrozine after 15 generations without any selection pressure. The resistance-related mutations (R81T and kdr) were detected in SEF, conferring target-site resistance to neonicotinoids and pyrethroids, respectively. Biochemistry bioassays confirmed the involvement of monooxygenase enzyme, carboxylesterase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in multi-insecticide resistance mechanism. The overexpression of P450s, esterases, and a UDP-glycosyltransferase, might be responsible for the multi-insecticide resistance in SEF-R. The knockdown of CYP6CY3 in SEF-R increased its susceptibility to imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, which verified that P450s play vital roles in neonicotinoid metabolism. This study will be helpful for chemical control, as well as for resistance monitoring and management of GPA, in China.