Immature stages of American Prioninae Latreille, 1802: descriptions and phylogenetic considerations in Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera)

Immature stages of four species from Brazil, belonging to three tribes of Prioninae Latreille, 1802 (Cerambycidae), are described or redescribed and illustrated: Myzomorphus quadripunctatus (Gray, 1831) (Anacolini); Pyrodes nitidus (Fabricius, 1787) (Mallaspini); Polyoza lacordairei Audinet-Serville, 1832, and Quercivir gounellei Lameere, 1912 (Meroscelisini). A characterization of described Prioninae immature stages for the American continent is included. An attempt to characterize the larvae and pupae for each tribe based on described immature stage, is also presented. Some studies consider Parandrinae as a derived group within Prioninae (paraphyletic), and therefore, suggest treating both as Prioninae. In our study, we found some immature features that can define Prioninae, and by analyzing recent studies, we defend the continuance, for now, of the current status of Prioninae and Parandrinae, until a more detailed morphological and molecular study, with a greater representation of these groups is done (including characteristics of the immature stages).