BIFUNCTIONAL-SUBSTITUTED PHTHALOCYANINES

This report is a continuation of the authors' systematic research in the field of synthesis and study of the properties of phthalocyanines and related compounds. It is devoted to the production of substituted phthalocyanines combining substituents of various nature on the periphery, as well as their derivatives. The work describes spectral, catalytic, liquid crystal properties, thermal stability and solubility in organic solvents, in order to establish the influence of the nature of peripheral substituents, as well as the presence and nature of the metal in the coordination cavity on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds. The presence of aryl substituents can impart liquid crystal, catalytic and luminescent properties of phthalocyanines and their metal complexes, and make it possible to obtain sulfonic acids and their derivatives under relatively mild conditions. Sulfonic acids occupy a special place among water-soluble phthalocyanines and have already found practical application as dyes and catalysts, and are also recommended for use in other fields of science and technology. However, information about compounds of this class combining functional groups of different nature in benzene rings, such as nitro groups, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic (especially saturated heterocycles) and oxyaryl fragments, is limited. The review analyzes and summarizes data on the synthesis of bi-functionally substituted phthalocyanines and possible areas of their practical application. Special attention is paid to the consideration of methods for obtaining initial phthalonitriles.