Predictors of Mortality among TB-HIV Co-Infected Children Attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinics of Selected Public Hospitals in Southern, Ethiopia: Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Co-infection of tuberculosis and HIV has a significant impact on public health. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death in HIV-positive children worldwide. But there is paucity of studies concerning the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children. This study aimed to determine the predictors of mortality among TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics of public hospitals in Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort study design was used among 284 TB-HIV co-infected children attending ART clinics at selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia, from January 2009 to December 2019. Then, medical records of children who were TB/HIV co-infected and on ART were reviewed using a structured data extraction tool. Data were entered using Epidata 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The Kaplan Meier survival curve along with log rank tests was used to estimate and compare survival time. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children. Adjusted Hazard Ratio with p value < 0.05 and 95 % confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 284 TB/HIV co-infected children were included in the study. Among these, 35 (12.3%) of them died during the study period. The overall mortality rate was 2.78 (95%CI= 1.98-3.99) per 100 child years of observation. The predictors of mortality were anemia (AHR=3.6; 95%CI: 1.39-9.31), fair or poor ART drug adherence (AHR=2.9; 95%CI=1.15-7.43), extra pulmonary TB (AHR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.34-11.45) and TB drug resistance (AHR=5.7; 95%CI: 2.07-15.96). Conclusion: Mortality rate of TB/HIV co-infected children in selected public hospitals in SNNPR, Ethiopia was documented as 2.78 per child years of observation as a result of this study. Moreover, Anemia, drug resistant tuberculosis, extra pulmonary TB and poor adherence to ART drugs were identified as the predictors of mortality among these children.