Antihyperlipidemic and Histopathological Pancreas Analysis of Muntingia calabura L. Fruit Extract on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Hyperlipidemia is clinically manifested by high levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and low levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the blood. Antihyperlipidemic drugs available currently have adverse effects. One of the medicine plants with antihyperlipidemic properties with no side effects is Muntingia calabura fruit. The sample used for this research were 30 male mice were divided into 5 groups, i.e., a negative control, a diabetic control, a positive control group, and two treatment groups which were given 100 and 300mg/kg of M. calabura fruit extract every day for 14 days. Examination of TC, TG, HDL, LDL and histopathological pancreas were determined after administration of the extract orally for 14 days. The results demonstrated an administration of glibenclamide and M. calabura fruit could effectively reduce TC, TG and LDL and increase HDL compared to the diabetes control group (P<0.05). In the diabetes control group, the mice given alloxan 150mg/kg showed a decrease in Langerhans islet density, vascularity, and islet injury compared to the normal control group. Mice given M. calabura fruit extract showed a significant increase in pancreatic Langerhans cells granulation and cell density. The conclusion of this research is M. calabura fruit extract showed improvements in lipid profile and pancreatic Langerhans cell regeneration. Therefore, the fruit extract of M. calabura is a potential antihyperlipidemic drug.