Infodynamics, a Review

A review of studies on the interaction of information with the physical world found no fundamental contradiction between the eighth authors promoting Infodynamics. Each one emphasizes different aspects. The fact that energy requires information in order to produce work and that the acquisition of new information requires energy, triggers synergistic chain reactions producing increases of negentropy (increases in Useful Information or decreases in Information Entropy) in living systems. Infodynamics aims to study feasible balances between energy and information using empirical methods. Getting information requires energy and so does separating useful information from noise. Producing energy requires information, but there is no direct proportionality between the energy required to produce the information and the energy unleashed by this information. Energy and information are parts of two separate realms of reality that are intimately entangled but follow different laws of nature. Infodynamics recognizes multiple forms and dimensions of information. Information can be the opposite of thermodynamic entropy (Negentropy), a trigger of Free Energy (Useful or Potentially Useful), a reserve (Redundant Information), Structural, Enformation, Intropy, Entangled, Encrypted Information or Noise. These are overlapping functional properties focusing on different aspects of Information. Studies on information entropy normally quantify only one of these dimensions. The challenge of Infodynamics is to design empirical studies to overcome these limitations. The working of sexual reproduction and its evolution through natural selection and its role in powering the continuous increase in information and energy in living systems might teach us how.