Handwashing practices and associated socio-demographic factors among primary school students in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

Background: Hand hygiene, especially handwashing, is a critical preventive measure against infectious diseases, which pose a significant health burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Inadequate hand hygiene can exacerbate the spread of diseases, significantly affecting children’s health and community wellness. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate handwashing practices and identify socio-demographic factors affecting these practices among primary school students in Ukhiya, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Methods: Utilizing a school-based cross-sectional design, the study was conducted across ten government primary schools selected through random sampling. A total of 400 students participated, with data collected via a structured questionnaire focusing on various handwashing scenarios. Handwashing practices were scored, and socio-demographic factors were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The study found that 75% of students practiced adequate hand hygiene. Factors significantly influencing handwashing practices included the educational level of parents, the quality of school handwashing facilities, receipt of handwashing training, and the student’s knowledge about hand hygiene. Notably, students with better-educated mothers and those attending schools with superior handwashing facilities demonstrated better hand hygiene practices. Conclusion: While a significant majority of students adhered to proper handwashing practices, there remains a need to improve handwashing behaviors among a notable minority. Enhancing parental education, upgrading school handwashing facilities, and ensuring regular hygiene training are essential steps toward bolstering student hand hygiene practices in Cox's Bazar and similar settings.