Study on Shallow Landslide Induced by Extreme Rainfall: A Case Study of Qichun County, Hubei, China

In light of the increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events, there has been a concomitant rise in landslides triggered by such precipitation. Despite the extensive research conducted on rainfall-induced landslides, the practical implementation of these findings is constrained by geological and environmental factors. Notably, there is a paucity of research on rainfall-induced shallow landslides in Hubei Province, China. Therefore, this study analyzes the fundamental characteristics and rainfall characteristics of landslides induced by multiple rounds of extreme rainfall in Qichun County in June and July 2016. The study explores the influence of five variables—namely, altitude, slope, slope aspect, stratum lithology, and rainfall—on landslides. The study uses numerical analysis to reveal the initiation mechanism of landslides. The research conclusions are as follows: The landslides within the study area are closely related to its natural topography, stratum lithology, and human activities. The majority of landslides are triggered by short-term extreme rainfall, while a smaller number are related to long-term continuous rainfall. The formation mechanism of landslides is primarily driven by dynamic water seepage, and the destruction process often lags behind the rainfall process. The conclusions can provide theoretical guidance for risk prevention and early warning of rainfall-induced landslides in the region.