Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Aristolochia indica L. fruit extract

Aristolochia indica L. belongs to family Aristolochiaceae is a traditional medicinal plant in Indian subcontinent used for the treatment of various diseases ailment. In the present study the antibacterial, antioxidant, chemical profiling of methanolic and hexanoic extract of Aristolochia indica fruit (AIF) were investigated. In- vitro antibacterial assay (Disc diffusion and microbroth dilution method) was performed against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778). Methanolic extract showed the MIC value of 1700 µg/mL, 1800 µg/mL, 1000 µg/mL and hexanoic extract were 1900 µg/mL, 1500 µg/mL, 1200 µg/mL respectively against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778). In vitro radical scavenging activity was estimated by DPPH assay; methanolic and hexane extract exhibited showed IC50 value of 430.5 ± 27.36 µg/mL, 559.2± 8.75 µg/mL with respect to control 3.8 ± 0.24 µg/mL(Ascorbic acid). Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was done for chemical components characterization. LC/MS revealed the presence of quercetin, kaempferide, linoleic acid, chlorogenic acid and other bioactive compounds. GC-MS chemical composition revealed the presence of maltol (7.42 %), pyranone (9.02 %), o-coumaric acid (4.34 %), α-monoacetin (6.05 %), mome inositol (9.29 %), tetracontane (27.49 %), campesterin (3.56 %), stigmasterol (3.64 %) and β -sitosterol (13.79 %). The phytochemical analysis based on GC-MS and LC-MS confirmed that the absence of aristolochic acid in Aristolochia indica fruit extracts, compound known to have nephrotoxic effect. The findings indicate that the plant’s fruit could be used as a rich source of antioxidants, antibacterial agents and can be used in pharmaceutics and therapeutics industries.