Nanofluids in nuclear power plants: A comprehensive review

Nuclear power plants play a significant role in global electricity generation, offering a reliable and low-carbon energy source. Maximizing the efficiency of nuclear power plants is crucial for optimizing energy output and reducing operational costs while ensuring safety and environmental sustainability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the potential applications of nanofluids in nuclear power plants, with a particular focus on their role in enhancing cooling and heat exchange processes. The increasing demand for electricity production and the need for improved efficiency and safety in nuclear reactors have prompted extensive research in this area. The review explores various types of nuclear reactors, including Light Water Reactors (LWRs) and Heavy Water Reactors (HWRs), and discusses the associated risks and challenges. The paper highlights the promise of incorporating nano-fluids into the cooling and heat exchange systems of nuclear reactors, showcasing their potential to enhance efficiency and safety. It specifically considers nanoparticles such as Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, and CuO for their unique heat transfer properties. The use of nano-fluids in these systems offers the prospect of increasing electricity production while addressing safety concerns. In essence, this comprehensive review underscores the significant potential of nano-fluids for improving heat transfer in nuclear reactors and addresses the growing global demand for electricity production. It emphasizes the need for further scientific research and technological advancements in this field to fully harness the benefits of nanofluids in nuclear power plants.