Automated Ripeness Detection of Oil Palm Fruit Using a Hybrid GLCM-HSV-KNN Model

Accurately determining the ripeness of oil palm fruit is crucial for ensuring the quality of palm oil. However, traditional manual methods are often time-consuming and less accurate. This study aimed to develop an automated system for detecting the ripeness of oil palm fruit by combining the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) model, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms. This system utilizes K-Nearest Neighbors to classify the relationship between color features extracted using the HSV model and texture features derived from GLCM analysis to categorize fruit ripeness. The color features represent the fruit's chromatic characteristics associated with ripeness, while the texture features provide information regarding surface patterns related to ripeness. The color features represent the fruit's color characteristics associated with ripeness, whereas the texture features provide information about the surface patterns related to ripeness. The results indicate that the system can classify oil palm fruit into four distinct categories: Over-Ripe, Ripe, Half-Ripe, and Raw. The dataset was divided with an 80:20 ratio, where 80% was allocated for training data and the remaining 20% for test data. An accuracy rate of 85% was achieved. The results of this study demonstrate that the developed system effectively classifies oil palm fruit images based on ripeness levels. This system supports a sustainable automated palm oil production model through accurate ripeness detection, thereby reducing reliance on manual methods and enhancing consistency and productivity in palm oil processing. These findings indicate that the proposed hybrid method is feasible for integration into an automated classification system to support decision-making in oil palm harvesting