ACTINIC KERATOSIS, SCOPING REVIEW

Introduction: actinic keratoses, also called senile keratoses or solar keratoses, are benign intraepithelial neoplasms common in dermatologic consultation. Individuals with actinic keratoses may present with irregular, reddish, scaly papules or plaques on areas of the body exposed to solar radiation. These dysplastic proliferations of keratinocytes have the potential for malignant transformation and may progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Objective: to detail the current information related to actinic keratosis, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, histopathology, clinical presentation, evaluation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Methodology: a total of 32 articles were analyzed in this review, including review and original articles, as well as clinical cases, of which 21 bibliographies were used because the other articles were not relevant to this study. The sources of information were PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane; the terms used to search for information in Spanish, Portuguese and English were: actinic keratosis, solar keratosis, dysplastic proliferations of keratinocytes, squamous cell carcinoma. Results: actinic keratosis is a common condition associated with chronic sun exposure, especially in older people, with a prevalence up to 60 years of age. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the main risk factor, and individuals with fair skin, outdoor work or compromised immune systems. Diagnosis is made through clinical observation, dermoscopy and in some cases biopsy. Treatments include options such as cryotherapy, excision, light-based therapies and topical medications such as 5-fluorouracil, with a personalized approach depending on lesion characteristics and patient response. Conclusions: actinic keratosis is a relevant dermatologic condition that requires constant vigilance due to its potential to progress to malignant forms. Preventive education on photoprotection and self-care, together with adequate and personalized treatment, are essential to control the disease and minimize the risk of serious complications, such as carcinoma. KEY WORDS: Keratosis, Dysplasia, Keratinocytes, Carcinoma, Ultraviolet.