Drivers of Conflict between Pastoralists and Wildlife Conservation Authority: A Case of Muhesi Game Reserve

Conflict between pastoralist and wildlife in Tanzania becomes the issues of discussion by different stakeholders at different levels, this study state general objective that assesses the effects of conflict between pastoralist and wildlife conservation in Muhesi Game Reserve (MGR). Data collection methods included interview, documentary review, Focus Group Discussion (FGD)) and observations. A sample of 98 respondents was surveyed. Analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics (chi square) for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The study revealed that, the main existing conflict was pastoralist-wildlife conservation conflict apart of other conflicts. Results further revealed that major causes of the conflict includes grazing cattle in game reserves, shortage of land for grazing, large number of cattle, low knowledge in relation to wildlife conservation and legal framework related to the management of wildlife. Study revealed that, conflict between pastoralist and wildlife conservation posed effects to the surrounding community, wildlife game reserve, pastoralists and wildlife managers. In community, it leads deterioration of relationship among the community members, wildlife managers and communities surrounding the villages. Pastoralist reported loss of their life also cattle through forfeitures and death. In game reserves, a mainly effect revealed was decrease of ecosystem functions. To address the conflict and its effects, conservation education and population controls are taken into account. However, there are challenges facing conflict management includes scarcity of resources, cultural barriers, corruption and political interest. Study concluded that pastoralist-wildlife conflicts exist and should not be ignored. The study recommends that, in order to manage the conflict and their effects; the Central Government in collaboration with relevant stakeholders should establish proper village land use plan which will accommodate different land users, also controlling immigrant of pastoralist.