A Review on the Protective Mechanisms of Taurine in Acute Lung Injury Via the S1P/S1PR1 Signaling Pathway

This review summarises the mechanisms and progress of taurine in alleviating acute lung injury (ALI) by regulating the S1P/S1PR1 signaling pathway. It introduces the biological functions of the S1P/S1PR1 pathway. S1P is a bioactive compound derived from sphingolipid metabolism. By binding to S1PR, it performs various cellular functions and is crucial for regulating vascular barrier function and inflammatory responses. The review also describes the properties of taurine and its protective effects in ALI, including its anti - inflammatory, antioxidant features, and the protection of alveolar epithelial barriers. Emphasis is placed on the interaction between taurine and the S1P/S1PR1 pathway, such as how taurine regulates SphK1/S1P synthesis through its antioxidant capacity and produces a synergistic effect with S1PR1 activators. Finally, future research directions are proposed, including the elucidation of molecular mechanisms, optimisation of dosing regimens, development of combination therapies, and validation of clinical translation. The aim is to provide new strategies for the treatment of ALI.