Estimating the vehicle-specific power difference between actual driving data and world motorcycle test cycle: a case study for motorcycles in Hanoi

Comprehending real-world driving characteristics is crucial in transportation engineering and vehicle emission modeling. Standard test cycles often fail to capture the dynamic and diverse nature of on-road driving behavior. This study assessed the disparity in vehicle-specific power (VSP) between the actual driving data of the test motorcycle (MC) in Hanoi and the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC). The real-world driving data of MC in Hanoi was collected using a GPS device with a 1Hz update rate. The gained data was preprocessed to remove random errors before using it to calculate VSP. A significant difference related to VSP was detected between the actual driving data in Hanoi and WMTC. The percentage difference for maximum/minimum/average positive VSP values, and the 95th percentile of VSP between the two datasets ranges from 112.06% to 136.74%. The concentration in the operation mode with a high emission potential of the real-world driving data is 114.5% higher than that in WMTC.