Influence of amino-derived modifiers on the properties of ED-20 epoxy composite

The influence of N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (I), N-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-ylmethyl)-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (II), N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)methyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (III), N-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2-methyl-N-(prop-2-ynyl)prop-2-yn-1-amine (IV), 2-chloro-N-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-N-(prop-2-ynyl)prop-2-en-1-amine (V), and 2-chloro-N-(prop-2-ylmethyl)-N-(thiiran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-amine (VI) in amounts of 10, 20, and 30 parts by weight on the key physicomechanical (flexural strength, Vicat heat resistance) and dielectric properties (dielectric permittivity ε) of the resulting thermosetting materials was studied. The results showed that the introduction of compounds (II), (IV), and (VI) leads to a pronounced improvement in strength and thermal resistance of the compositions (up to 70 MPa and 130 °C at 20 parts by weight in the case of IV), which is attributed to the high reactivity of their structural fragments. In contrast, compounds (I) and (III) provide a moderate decrease in dielectric permittivity (ε ≤ 3.5) compared to other modified compositions and the control sample (ε ≈ 3.6–3.8), which may be advantageous in the development of materials with reduced dielectric losses. Comparative analysis highlighted compound (IV) as the most effective modifier in terms of the overall balance of properties, compound (II) as a strength-enhancing additive, and compound (VI) as a well-balanced modifier ensuring simultaneous improvement of all studied characteristics. These findings demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the performance of epoxy compositions through the structural design of amine modifiers, opening prospects for the development of advanced functional materials with targeted performance parameters.