Genetic diversity assessment in Indian finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) germplasm via qualitative traits

The present research investigates the genetic diversity of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.), a nutrient-rich crop vital for sustainable agriculture and food security. Sixteen qualitative traits, including growth habits, pigmentation, and grain attributes, were examined among 150 accessions, shedding light on the diversity within the germplasm. The study quantified and interpreted trait relationships using the Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index and Spearman’s Rank Correlation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the pivotal traits shaping genetic diversity. Most genotypes exhibited decumbent growth habit and diverse leaf sheath pubescence intensities. Round-shaped grains predominated with copper brown as a common color among grain traits. Pericarp persistence remained consistent among all genotypes. The Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index highlighted varying levels of diversity among traits, with ‘ear head shape’ exhibiting the highest diversity. Spearman’s Rank Correlation exposed relationship between leaf sheath pubescence and seed shattering, emphasizing the importance of trait management in crop breeding. These results provide insights into genetic diversity within finger millet germplasm and its potential application in developing resilient and productive cultivars, addressing food security and sustainability challenges in agriculture.