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Judeotropicalism: Jewish Transculturations in the Lusophone New World
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ABSTRACT: This paper conceptualizes Sephardic Jewish survival in the Iberian Peninsula and the so-called New World through the lens of Lusotropicalism, syncretism, transculturation and mestizaje. Beginning with the Edict of Expulsion in Spain and forced conversion to Catholicism in Portugal, New Christians face the violent side of transculturation. After the Inquisition is set up in Portugal, New Christians develop syncretic methods to worship as both Jews and Christians. Under a united peninsula between 1580-1640, Conversos flee to Holland where they unite with other Jews and become the Nação, a community whose identity is both religious and financial. This group goes with the Dutch West India Company to Recife where some Portuguese New Christians become Jews once again. After the Portuguese retake Recife, the Jews of the Nação flee to Suriname, developing mestizo communities there and in some of the Caribbean islands. Other Jews from Recife arrive in New Amsterdam (New York) where they establish a thriving community. After 500 years, the influence of these groups can still be felt in the synagogues built in New York, the creole language Papiamentu/o spoken in Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire, and the tombstones in Suriname, Curação and Barbados, among other things.
KEYWORDS: transculturation, Lusotropicalism, Gilberto Freyre, Judeotropicalism, New Christians, Holland, Sephardim, synagogues
RESUMO: Este artigo investiga várias teorias usadas para explicar a mistura de raças e culturas como o Lusotropicalismo, transculturalismo, sincretismo religioso e miscigenação para examinar a sobrevivência dos Judeus sefarditas depois da Expulsão de 1492 da Espanha e das conversões forçadas em Portugal em 1497 até hoje em dia. Durante a Inquisição em Portugal, comunidades Judaicas desenvolveram métodos sincréticos de praticar religião como Judeus e Cristãos. Sob a península unida entre 1580 e 1640, muitos destes Cristãos Novos saíram de Portugal e foram para Holanda, onde voltaram a praticar Judaísmo com outros Judeus e tornaram-se num grupo financeiro e religioso muito unido e influente chamado “a Nação.” Este grupo viajou com a Companhia Holandesa do Oeste para Recife e outras colônias no Caribe. Depois de Portugal recapturar Recife, os Judeus da Nação fugiram a Suriname e formaram comunidades mestiças lá e no Caribe. Outros Judeus de Recife chegaram em Novo Amsterdão (Nova Iorque), onde estabeleceram uma comunidade vibrante. Depois de 500 anos, a influência deste grupo ainda existe nas sinagogas e comunidades que eles construíram nos Estados Unidos, a língua crioula de Papiamentu/o falada em Curaçao, Aruba e Bonaire, e nas pedras tumulares em Suriname, Curaçao, Barbados entre outras coisas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transculturação, Lusotropicalismo, Gilberto Freyre, Judeotropicalismo, Cristãos Novos, Holanda, sefarditas, sinagogas
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Title: Judeotropicalism: Jewish Transculturations in the Lusophone New World
Description:
ABSTRACT: This paper conceptualizes Sephardic Jewish survival in the Iberian Peninsula and the so-called New World through the lens of Lusotropicalism, syncretism, transculturation and mestizaje.
Beginning with the Edict of Expulsion in Spain and forced conversion to Catholicism in Portugal, New Christians face the violent side of transculturation.
After the Inquisition is set up in Portugal, New Christians develop syncretic methods to worship as both Jews and Christians.
Under a united peninsula between 1580-1640, Conversos flee to Holland where they unite with other Jews and become the Nação, a community whose identity is both religious and financial.
This group goes with the Dutch West India Company to Recife where some Portuguese New Christians become Jews once again.
After the Portuguese retake Recife, the Jews of the Nação flee to Suriname, developing mestizo communities there and in some of the Caribbean islands.
Other Jews from Recife arrive in New Amsterdam (New York) where they establish a thriving community.
After 500 years, the influence of these groups can still be felt in the synagogues built in New York, the creole language Papiamentu/o spoken in Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire, and the tombstones in Suriname, Curação and Barbados, among other things.
KEYWORDS: transculturation, Lusotropicalism, Gilberto Freyre, Judeotropicalism, New Christians, Holland, Sephardim, synagogues
RESUMO: Este artigo investiga várias teorias usadas para explicar a mistura de raças e culturas como o Lusotropicalismo, transculturalismo, sincretismo religioso e miscigenação para examinar a sobrevivência dos Judeus sefarditas depois da Expulsão de 1492 da Espanha e das conversões forçadas em Portugal em 1497 até hoje em dia.
Durante a Inquisição em Portugal, comunidades Judaicas desenvolveram métodos sincréticos de praticar religião como Judeus e Cristãos.
Sob a península unida entre 1580 e 1640, muitos destes Cristãos Novos saíram de Portugal e foram para Holanda, onde voltaram a praticar Judaísmo com outros Judeus e tornaram-se num grupo financeiro e religioso muito unido e influente chamado “a Nação.
” Este grupo viajou com a Companhia Holandesa do Oeste para Recife e outras colônias no Caribe.
Depois de Portugal recapturar Recife, os Judeus da Nação fugiram a Suriname e formaram comunidades mestiças lá e no Caribe.
Outros Judeus de Recife chegaram em Novo Amsterdão (Nova Iorque), onde estabeleceram uma comunidade vibrante.
Depois de 500 anos, a influência deste grupo ainda existe nas sinagogas e comunidades que eles construíram nos Estados Unidos, a língua crioula de Papiamentu/o falada em Curaçao, Aruba e Bonaire, e nas pedras tumulares em Suriname, Curaçao, Barbados entre outras coisas.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: transculturação, Lusotropicalismo, Gilberto Freyre, Judeotropicalismo, Cristãos Novos, Holanda, sefarditas, sinagogas.
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