The prevalence and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal problems: An analysis from the perspective of community pharmacies

Abstract Background: Community pharmacists are often the first choice for individuals seeking advice with upper gastrointestinal issues since they are easily accessible. However, it is essential to highlight that most nations do not have "triage" systems that allow community pharmacists to help patients with gastrointestinal issues. One reason for this is the need for more available patient pharmacoepidemiologic data. Aim and Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and symptoms of patients with upper gastrointestinal problems who visit community pharmacists for medical advice or to obtain OTC medication. Materials and Methods: This observational study, which included 731 participants, was carried out over six months at 12 randomly chosen community pharmacies in southern India. Data on the participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were gathered and examined using IBM SPSS software version 29.0. Results: A total of 731 patients participated in the research. The mean age was 36.0±13.7 years with male predominance (54.9%). The mean BMI was 20.8±4.4 kg/m2. Coffee was the most commonly consumed beverage (22.3%). Of the participants, 64% had been experiencing symptoms for the previous three months. Of them, 76.3% did not seek medical guidance to treat the symptoms. Heartburn, reported by 40.2% of participants, is the most prevalent symptom. The overall prevalence of UGI problems was 8.3%. Conclusion: The study's results highlight the significance of dietary and lifestyle changes as common risk factors for UGI symptoms, particularly for younger people who often use community pharmacies. Since community pharmacists are directly involved in treating UGI symptoms, it is essential to integrate regular training for them and harmonize their professional guiding approach. These findings can inform healthcare practices and improve patient management of UGI symptoms, potentially reducing the burden on the healthcare system.