Development of The Mandarin Language Proficiency Assessment Instrument Hanyu Shuiping Ceshi (HNC) as a Standard for Mandarin Language Skills for Unesa Students

This research aims to develop the Hanyu Shuiping Ceshi (HNC) as a standardized assessment tool for evaluating Mandarin language skills among UNESA students. Using the Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study was conducted in three evaluation phases: one-to-one, small group, and field testing. Results demonstrated that the HNC instrument achieved high content and construct validity, with average CVR scores of 0.90 for Level 1 and 0.88 for Level 2. Reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.80. The results further revealed that HNC Levels 1 and 2 effectively measure basic to early intermediate Mandarin proficiency. The inclusion of contextualized test items enhanced critical thinking and communication skills applicable to real-world scenarios. Recommendations for further development include introducing interactive questions and expanding the instrument to Level 3 to facilitate a progressive and comprehensive learning experience. Overall, the HNC is a reliable tool for assessing academic achievement while fostering practical language competencies relevant to professional demands.