ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYBERSECURITY IN THE ACTIVITIES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

The scientific study examines and substantiates, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine” of 2017, No. 45, which defines the terms indicators of cyber threats, information on a cybersecurity incident, cybersecurity incident, cyberattack, cybersecurity, cyber threat, cyber defense, and others, while the terms “national security,” “national interests,” and “threats to national security” are used in this Law in the meaning defined by the Law of Ukraine “On the Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine.” The term “critical infrastructure object” is used in this Law in the meaning defined by the Law of Ukraine “On Critical Infrastructure.” The rapid digitalization of social relations, the growing number of cyber threats, the spread of cybercrime, and the increasing complexity of digital attacks require law enforcement agencies to implement new technological solutions capable of ensuring the prompt detection, analysis, and neutralization of threats in cyberspace. It has been established that artificial intelligence in law enforcement activity may be used for monitoring cyber incidents, detecting anomalous activity in information systems, analyzing large data sets, automating responses to certain events, classifying malicious software, countering phishing, and supporting digital investigations. This constitutes a generalization and logical development of the officially defined tasks of the cyber police, which include combating cybercrime, systematizing cyber incidents, informing the public, and interacting with foreign partners. It has been proved that the combination of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity tools opens significant opportunities for carrying out reform processes in the field of law enforcement activity in Ukraine and for regulating the status of law enforcement agencies in the Constitution of Ukraine, while at the same time generating new regulatory and ethical risks associated with the protection of personal data, algorithmic bias, the opacity of automated decisions, liability for system errors, and the need for constant human oversight. It has been clarified that Ukraine still lacks a special comprehensive act that would separately regulate the application of artificial intelligence specifically for ensuring cybersecurity in the activities of law enforcement agencies; therefore, the relevant legal relations are currently governed by the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On State Protection of Court Employees and Law Enforcement Officers” and the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Ensuring Cybersecurity of Ukraine.”